Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 16

Case Study Example The third case entitled ‘FOX news suicide live’ is about a police chase that ends with the suspect shooting himself as FOX television aired the event live. The matter about this case revolves around the merits of displaying such level of violence on television. Regarding the case of the ‘NYC Subway Photographer,’ the first ethical issue revolves around the protection of human life. The second ethical issue focusses on the merits of airing a violent and disturbing video without editing its gruesome details. Viewers with weak sensibilities were obviously disturbed and deeply affected by truth of the death of a man who should have been rescued. Given that the photographer was within range of the incident, it would have been more appropriate for him to act responsibly and humanely by protecting the man instead of taking pictures of the heinous spectacle. Such an intervention would have been defensible on moral grounds. Compassion and empathy should have been the guiding principles to the most appropriate decision from the photographer. Airing the death of a helpless man is not consistent with the ethics of journalistic practice. The cruelty of the situation is that the man was actually pushed to the subway by a violent man who stood nearby to watch the death of his victim. The photograph is an indictment to the photojournalist with regard to his sense of judgment, professional ethics, and moral standards. Protecting the life of a human being must remain the primary concern of a journalist (Smith 61). The photojournalist should have considered the life of the man above his journalistic duties. One ethical issue that connects with the case of the ‘Newspaper Photographer Fired’ is the need to uphold truth and accuracy in the conduct and practice of journalism. The photographer in this case took notice and consequently disapproved of a journalistic practice he found to be outside the ethics of the profession. Photo shopping of pictures to be used in a

Recruitment and Selection Strategies Essay Example for Free

Recruitment and Selection Strategies Essay An Organization can process Recruitment and Selection strategies by using a simple technique based on the knowledge and skills of an applicant. It is imperative that an Organization be able to recruit the most experienced, skilled and suitable candidates. Having a recruitment process is critical for new Organizations. The first step consists of managing applicants and welcoming potential participants (Cascio, 2013). To entice and recruit highly knowledgeable and experienced employees, Landslide Limousine must wisely develop a strong recruitment strategy and plan. Organizational Goals While looking at all past communication, the client communicated that Landslide Limousine would require 25 employees, with a projected revenue of $50,000 in the first year, and an expected yearly revenue growth of 5%. They also expect an annual turnover of 10%, while maintaining an expected yearly revenue growth of 5%. This can seem overwhelming while keeping track of it all. By following the recruitment and selection strategy plan, you must use it to employ the most skilled and suitable candidates. This will help the organization in accomplishing its Organizational Goals and offering superior service to its clients is priority. This in turn, will add value to the Organization. Demographic Changes In today’s world, many changes are occurring in demographics due to globalization. It’s imperative that there be focus on a more diverse  workplace. Being able to manage a diverse workplace can have its challenges. By having a diverse workplace, it benefits the Organization by offering opportunities to influence and obtain its potential employees. Using proper recruiting and selection strategies, Landslide Limousine Services are able to compete with other competitors by providing customers with superior service. It is highly recommended that the company intend to hire theut most skilled and knowledgeable candidates. Having a proper recruitment and selection strategy along with a rewarding reward and compensation plan. With all of these in place, Landslide Limousines Services can achieve the challenges given at hand and those challenges involved in managing workplace diversity. Organizational Branding As a small business owner, it is important to first create awareness, by advising current employees to spread the news about the company friends and family. Employees can also use the employee referral system to help the company in seeking experienced and qualified applicants. This will help the company in generating job satisfaction and a culture in which employees feel valued and trusted. The company can also accomplish two highly important objectives by caring for the current employee’s concerns and desire for promotion. These objectives consist of forming a high-quality learning environment and choosing individuals for current opening in various divisions within the organization (Cascio, 2013). The most important stage of developing a successful limousine service consists of managing the selection of drivers and hiring chauffeurs. These positions represent the face of the company. Customer service is very key and vital in these positions, as they type of service the customer receives will determine their continued business and longevity with the company. With this, it is important for the management teams to focus on the selecting, hiring, and retaining the organizations valued resources. It is also important that the organization abide by the organizations local and state laws and regulations. Not following the company’s proper employment practices can cause harm to the organization as well as the client. When selecting a chauffeur, management must create job ethics and standards.  It is important these standards are followed by each applicant applying for the chauffeur position. The next step is to develop a job description. Developing a job description will ensure that each applicant is aware of the jobs responsibilities and expectations associated with the position. Properly developing strong job responsibilities will also assist in disciplining chauffeurs who are not performing efficiently. Upon offering the chauffeur position it is important to give each applicant a copy or the job description. The next step in recruitment is to prepare a job application form. This will ensure that the correct information is provided to the applicants in regard to the working in the limousine business. The final step in the recruitment process is developing a limousine driver training and employee placement package. The training and placement package will assist in helping management and employ ee to move forward after the hiring process is complete. Methods for Screening Once an applicant has submitted their application and each application has been carefully reviewed, a formal interview should follow for all qualified candidates. When conducting a formal interview, they will assist the hiring manager by giving them an overview of the client. From how they are dressed, to how well they speak and act, to include all other body language. According to Cascio (2013), when conducting the proper interview it is important to follow the following steps. It is important for Management to have a comprehensive list of questions to ask applicants. Prepare for the interview and select a designated time in a quiet location. Pay close attention to the applicant and listen to their answers with an open mind. It is crucial to avoid all unnecessary interruptions and answering the phone when conducting a formal interview. Remember to avoid making promises to prospective applicants. If a promise has been made, it is imperative that it be done to avoid misrepresenting or misleading an applicant. It is critical that during this interview, management evaluate appearance, knowledge, communication skills, education and character for determination. Methods for Recruiting Candidates It is important to consider any laws that may be used for recruitment and  selection. Acknowledging and abiding by these laws passed to protect the rights of people in the workplace, are very important when trying to run a successful business. Being able to adapt to a changing society is crucial to have continued success and growth in an Organization. Some of the laws that Management must be aware of are: The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967- protects employees from discrimination on the basis of age. Both private and public employers need to adhere to the provisions of the law which calls for eliminating discrimination of employees above the age of forty (EEOC, 2014). The Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibits discrimination based on religion, color, sex or origin. This is law is particularly applicable to workplaces employing more than 15 people (EEOC, 2014). The Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibits discrimination based on religion, color, sex or origin. This is law is particularly applicable to workplaces employing more than 15 people (EEOC, 2014). The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1975 – which prohibits refusal to employ pregnant female employees (EEOC, 2014). Selecting Candidates After the interview process, potential candidates move on the next step of the process which consists of forming an analysis of all applicants or potential candidates, to include all information gathered from the formal interview. Each potential applicant must be screened for the important requirements that Landslide Limousine Services will be needing candidates that have superior driving skills, review a copy of their motor vehicle records if applicable, and a background check. These requirements will help in assisting Landslide Limousine Services in providing adequate information for each potential applicant and help in selecting the right employee for the position. Conclusion Selecting the correct candidate is an important process for any business. Although some applicants have excellent work history, it is imperative that management recruit the most qualified. Candidates who not only have the experience, but will maintain great communication, customer service with clients and can help make the goals of the Organization a reality. Hiring the right employees in a business can have a big impact on the business. It can either be very good or very bad. So, making sure to hire the right  employees will dictate the type of service your Company will be giving. It might seem simple to train an employee for their position, however, it is impossible to train an employee on morale, attitude and motivation. (Cascio, 2013). References Cascio, W. F. (2013). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits (9th ed.) Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin EEOC (2014). Discrimination by Type, retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/index.cfm

From a Dream to Reality Essay -- Teaching Education Essays

From a Dream to Reality When I decided to go back to school my objective was not only to increase my knowledge and receive a degree, but I decided that the only profession for me to pursue would be to earn a degree in teaching. Not because a business or computer degree would be out of my grasp, I can learn anything necessary to do a job, but because by earning a degree in teaching I would be able to fulfill a dream of mine that I had held since my own days in school. I want to be able to help children reach for the dreams in their lives. That is the reason that I have begun this program of study, to fulfill my life ambitions of becoming a teacher so that I can help inspire children to reach for their dreams that they are holding. Even though I’m starting college with this plan of being a teacher later than my colleges, I will be able to help them and my future students by sharing my life experiences that have occurred so far. I have always had a way with children, they seem to be comfortable around me and I like taking the time to listen and talk to them so that they are able to express what is on their mind. I believe that by being an available positive role model to them in their elementary school years I can make a difference in their life. Children are very special and I believe that it takes someone that is more interested in helping the child than in their job or the paycheck, to help make a child to succeed. The time I have had in life to observe people it has become apparent to me that if a child is not succeeding in school, there is a very good chance that as an adult, they will not succeed either. Though if that child has a positive role model in their life this may increase that child’s success rate. When that ch... ...e best role model for them. By being from a low-income family of seven children and being male I did not receive the encouragement that I needed to go to college. I was more or less told to graduate from high school and get a job. But I never let my dream die because I needed more out of life than a job. With this background I can show my students that they can achieve their goals. Obtaining or completing a degree in teaching is more than going to college and getting a degree. It is a profession that has a purpose, and that purpose is to help other people, and for me those people are children, to help them become whatever it is that they dream. To make this happen I will not only have teach them, but also to learn from them and help them learn from the world. By doing this I will become one of many excellent teachers who have helped me reach for my dream.

The Worlds Fight Against Microbes Essay -- Research Papers Science Bi

The World's Fight Against Microbes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many infectious diseases that were nearly eradicated from the industrialized world, and newly emerging diseases are now breaking out all over the world due to the misuse of medicines, such as antibiotics and antivirals, the destruction of our environment, and shortsighted political action and/or inaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viral hemorrhagic fevers are a group of diseases caused by viruses from four distinct families of viruses: filoviruses, arenaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses. The usual hosts for most of these viruses are rodents or arthropods, and in some viruses, such as the Ebola virus, the natural host is not known. All forms of viral hemorrhagic fever begin with fever and muscle aches, and depending on the particular virus, the disease can progress until the patient becomes deathly ill with respiratory problems, severe bleeding, kidney problems, and shock. The severity of these diseases can range from a mild illness to death (CDC I).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Ebola virus is a member of a family of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses known as filoviruses. When these viruses are magnified several thousand times by an electron microscope they have the appearance of long filaments or threads. Filoviruses can cause hemorrhagic fever in humans and animals, and because of this they are extremely hazardous. Laboratory studies of these viruses must be carried out in special maximum containment facilities, such as the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia and the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland (CDC I,II).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Ebola hemorrhagic fever in humans is a severe, systemic illness caused by infection with Ebola virus. There are four subtypes of Ebola virus (Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Ivory Coast, and Ebola-Reston), which are not just variations of a single virus, but four distinct viruses. Three of these subtypes are known to cause disease in humans, and they are the Zaire, Sudan, and Ivory Coast subtypes. Out of all the different viral hemorrhagic fevers known to occur in humans , those caused by filoviruses have been associated with the highest case-fatality rates. These rates can be as high as 90 percent for epidemics of hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola-Zaire virus. No vaccine exists to protect from... ... Yet a bacterium can kill a whale ... Such is the adaptability and versatility of microorganisms as compared with humans and other so called "higher" organisms, that they will doubtless continue to colonise and alter the face of the Earth long after we and the rest of our cohabitants have left the stage forever. Microbes, not macrobes, rule the world. - Bernard Dixon, 1994 Works Cited CDC(I).Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fever: General Information. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/virlfv/ebolainf.htm[1996, November 20]. CDC(II). Filoviruses in Nonhuman Primates: Overview of the Investigation in Texas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/virlfvr/ebola528.htm[1996, November 20]. Garrett, Laurie. The Coming Plague. Farrar, Straus. and Giroux: New York, 1994. Mosby’s Medical, Mursing, and Allied Health Dictionary 4th Ed. .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mosby-Year Book, Inc.: St.Louis,1994. Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone. Random House Inc.: New York, 1994. Roizman, Bernard. Infectious Diseases in an Age of Change. National Academy Press:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washington,D.C., 1995. Top, Franklin H. . Communicable and Infectious Diseases. C.V. Mosby Company: St.Louis, 1964.

The Meaning of Death in “The Dead” by James Joyce

â€Å"The Dead† is a story written by James Joyce as a part of the collection that was later on entitled as Dubliners. It is the last story that he composed but certainly was one of the first stories on the â€Å"rivalry between the living and the dead. † It is considered to be one of the best written stories and account of Ireland in terms of the city’s geographical, historical, and political details. It is even said that most of the local references are â€Å"painstakingly exact† as that of the original scenarios in an everyday Dublin life (Joyce, 2008).While the title of the story suggests gloomy scenes such as a funeral or a wake ceremony, a first reading of the story would tell us that the story is all about an annual Christmas gathering where friends and old friends meet to catch up with everything that is happening in their lives. However, if we look at the story real deep, we will notice that the story really revolves into the characters of the cou ple Gabriel and Gretta Conroy. Like all the other couples in the said party, Gabriel and Gretta are an epitome of a happy couple.It can be said that the love of Gabriel to Gretta is so great that instead of traveling home from the party, they decided to stay in a hotel because he was afraid that she might be ill due to the weather. Gretta, on one hand, is giving back the love that she receives from Gabriel. This is evident in the couple’s treatment of each other in the Christmas gathering. However, there is something in the party that made Gretta feel strange. This is when she heard the song that reminds him of a boy she once fallen in love with. It was a young boy I used to know, she answered, named Michael Furey. He used to sing that song, The Lass of Aughrim. He was very delicate (Joyce, 2008). † Gretta confessed this while they were in the hotel room that they rented to stay for a night when Gabriel is anticipating a romantic night with his wife. At first he felt re ally jealous. Furthermore, he inquired into the very nature of their relationship. Gretta confessed everything that made Gabriel angry at one moment.He even suspected that the reason why Gretta would want to that one place is because she wanted to see her first love. However, as the narration progresses, which speaks of Michael Furey’s death by reason of Gretta herself, his anger ebbed to the point of it being replaced with an epiphany in relation to love, death, and the past. He then realized that lost loves are the most difficult thing to let go in ones lifetime (Joyce, 2008). So she had that romance in her life: a man had died for her sake.It hardly ained him now to think how poor a part he, her husband, had played in her life. He watched her while she slept, as though he and she had never lived together as man and wife. His curious eyes rested long upon her face and on her hair: and, as he thought of what she must have been then, in that time of her first girlish beauty, a strange, friendly pity for her entered his soul. He did not like to say even to himself that her face was no longer beautiful, but he knew that it was no longer the face for which Michael Furey had braved death (Joyce, 2008).This epiphany leads Gabriel to recall and reflect on the speech that he had delivered in the party: his idea that the past is dead and that it should be buries in oblivion because it will just bring memories that would either hurt them or impair their anticipation of the future. In the words of Gabriel, â€Å"There are always in gatherings such as this sadder thoughts that will recur to our minds: thoughts of the past, of youth, of changes, of absent faces that we miss here tonight. Therefore, I will not linger in the past. I will not let any gloomy moralising intrude upon us here tonight (Joyce, 2008).However, he also enunciated his admiration of the past especially of the old values of tradition and love in which he said that â€Å"a thought-tormented age: and sometimes I fear that this new generation, educated or hypereducated as it is, will lack those qualities of humanity, of hospitality, and kindly humour which belonged to the older day (Joyce, 2008). † Therefore, the idea of death that the story is trying to paint to us is the death of old traditions and values that are still living to those who have experienced such in the past like that of Gretta.The death in the story is the deterioration of values that the Irish are known for that Gabriel mentioned in his speech. However, this is an irony because while he talked about the old values that should be retained, he himself is not doing his part in this endeavor of preserving the old Irish values and tradition. As observed by Ms. Ivors, he has become a West Briton because he prefers to travel to places like France, and Germany instead of seeing the countryside of Ireland. He denounced his own place of birth in exchange for the West and rejected his own native language.The We st, even though, more industrialized than Dublin, is still a land of ghost and a land of unhappy things. The West is a place â€Å"where the ghost of the past have a terrible hold on the living, where tradition leads to bigoted religion and terrorism (Hodgart, 1978). The death can also be attributed to a death of the traditional love that everybody would want to have. In the story, while it is evident that Gabriel loves Gretta, his love for her is limited to that of the physical love. When they were in the hotel, all he can think of was a romantic night with her.Like distant music these words that he had written years before were borne towards him from the past. He longed to be alone with her. When the others had gone away, when he and she were in the room in the hotel, then they would be alone together (Joyce, 2008). † However, after Gretta had told him the story of Michael Furey, he felt very small and inadequate. This is for the reason that his love to Gretta is nothing co mpared to that of the love of Furey. After hearing the story, he was quick to realize that his love for her is limited and not the kind of love that she has expected of him.His love is so puny to the love that Michael Furey has given his wife. He cannot in any way give up his life just for his love for Gretta. This further suggests that love died along with the death of Furey and that the love that Gabriel offered to Gretta, cannot be considered love in her standards. The image of death in the story is not the same as what we normally perceive, a wake, a funeral, and grief. But the death is on how the glorious past is buried in everyone’s memory that will for a long time or for a lifetime haunt them.

The 5-4-20 Mandate essays

The 5-4-20 Mandate essays Victorian nurses, on the 9th of November 2003 launched a campaign to block the progress of the state government move to change work conditions for Victorians nurses. All the Australian nursing Federation (ANF) wants is to keep the 5-4-20 Mandate. Introduced 4 years ago, the 5-4-20 Mandate means, 5 nurses taking care of 20 patients, a 5-to-4 ratio. But this ratio is a minimum; it can be altered depending patients nursing needs. When the mandate was agreed on, the state government sent letters to 71,000 registered nurses, asking them to come back to the profession because There never has been a better time. The ratio recruited 4000 nurses back. Just because nurses see the 5-4-20 mandates a great improvement to a stressful job. The 4000 nurses who were lured back into the profession had the rug pulled from under them, when the Bracks Government, who we chose over the Kennet government for better health and education services, wanted to replace the 5-4-20 mandate with a computerized program. Trend care a program which works out patient dependency, is a great risk to patient safely according to nurses who have undergone the program, they believe that it underestimates nursing time each patient needs, This surely is quite risky. Nurses who undergo this system fear it. Nurse Di Swanson has been through it all. She was an adviser to a Labor Health minister, David White; she has worked as a nurse, under the ratio system and has operated the program, Trend Care. From her experience Di Swanson believes that nurses spent too much time at the computer she believes nurses should be able to talk with patients formal support, but with Trend Care the moral support is not there. Nurses have key in all relevant information about each patient; they also have to time themselves while taking care of their patients. None pulls out a stop watch when a surgeon per ...

Bolshevik Success in 1917 essays

Bolshevik Success in 1917 essays How and why were the Bolsheviks able to seize power in Russia in 1917? When the February Revolution of 1917 erupted, the Bolsheviks were a minor concern and had no direct involvement in this initial bourgeoisie revolution. Prominent Bolshevik leaders like Lenin were abroad at the time and members were divided over the partys purpose in Russia. Notwithstanding this, by 1922, the Bolshevik Party had assumed resolute power in Russia and consolidated their authority. Nicholas IIs abdication had created political instability in Russia, leaving the Provisional Government in Petrograd to assumed power over Russia. Unfortunately, the Provisional Government lacked legitimacy to justify its actions. There was no tradition of government rule in Russia and many people were actually opposed to it. As a self-appointed body, many questioned the Governments authority to rule. The Provisional Government also lacked a charismatic leader, which only aggravated the situation. Despite attempts to ameliorate their position like the appointment of Alexander Kerensky as leader, even his political talent could not improve the PGs popularity. Historians recognise that the Provisional Governments continuance of the war was a significant influence on their downfall, but we must bear in mind that this decision was not based on blind refusal to admit defeat, but political reasoning. Russia was practically bankrupt and continuance of the war provided essential financial assistance from the West. Moreover, the Provisional Government felt obliged to continue the war out of loyalty to Britain and France. This was an unpopular decision, as there appeared to be few aims to the continued fighting or breakthrough successes. The PG gradually lost the support of a large proportion of the troops, regarded as little more than peasants in uniform, and were an obvious target for Bolshevik propaganda. Russia was an impoveri...

Intro Capitalism vs Communism essays

Intro Capitalism vs Communism essays Does a relationship flourish more when it is controlled or when it is free to grow on its own? The question of whether it would excel better as a controlled relationship or a free relationship also relates to the government's total control of economy through communism, in contrast with the "laissez faire"-style, free economy through capitalism. To decide which of these perspectives best meets the needs of citizens, issues such as quality of life, protection of individual rights, and which system would produce the most wealth for an economy need to be addressed. Communism is a perspective that focuses on state-control of the economy, classless society, economic equality, and public-owned private property. It would provide for a classless society in which all was shared equally. This concept appealed to many people, and during the late 1800's and early 1900's, socialist parties were formed to work towards the goals Karl Marx described. Some of the countries to follow suit were Ru ssia and China. Unfortunately, these developments may lead to extreme forms such as dictatorship, or suppression of individual rights. On the other side of the spectrum is capitalism, a perspective focused on private ownership of property, division of labour, competition, specialization and individual self-interest to increase production. Capitalism provides for an increased quality of life, as well as more opportunity for wealth and success. Unfortunately, government-free economies allow for some individuals to fall into poverty, resulting in a lower quality of life. Capitalism would clearly benefit a country, as it would provide far more advantages than communism, such as increased quality of life, protection of individual rights, and the opportunity for wealth. ...

Table Talk of Adolf Hitler During World War Two Essay

Table Talk of Adolf Hitler During World War Two - Essay Example Part of his rich history emanates from the table talk he had mostly at meal times between 1941 and 1944. Hitler table talks emanate from writings by Henry Picker and Heinrich Heim who took his mealtime conversations. Later on, the excerpts of the Hitler table talk featured ion Hermann Rauschning’s book called, Conversations with Hitler. Hitlers Table Talk of 1941-1944 describes the private, off the record, and informal conversations of Hitler’s view about his enemies and friends, his secret dreams and ambitions, and most of all about religion especially Christianity (Kelvin Web). However, Hitler did not allow the audio, film, or broadcast recording of his table talk conversations. Hence, the issue of reliability of the written conversations by his scribes has always been there. Nevertheless, the table talks demonstrate divergent views of Hitler on religion especially Christianity. From the table talks, Hitler says that he shall never come to terms with the Christian lie and confirms that their epoch will kill the disease of Christianity. However, it is notable in his talks that he never spoke against Jesus or Christianity per see. Indeed, he goes ahead to praise Jesus and supported organized religion in a religious sense but criticized its organization in a political sense (Kelvin Web).

Business organisation and policy cartels and monopolies Essay

Business organisation and policy cartels and monopolies - Essay Example On the other hand, buying cartels aim at purchasing raw materials for its members while the output determining cartels determine the quantity of output for each member unit as the name suggests (Sangla 2009, p.181). Without government intervention, an isolated monopolistic firm would only exist in an ideal world. This is because most monopolistic firms make a lot of profits thus encouraging the formation of rival firms. In the long run, the new firms break the monopoly. Most governments in the 1920s embraced mergers and trade unions in key economical sectors such as chemical and metal industries (McTavish 2005, p.52). However, most of the business organizations preferred cartels to the other forms of trade convergence. After the World War II, the business field developed thorough monopolies and restrictive practices, which had salient effects on business organizations (McTavish 2005, p.52). Currently, it is only America in the whole world, which has not legalized cartel formation. One of the most popular cartels today is the organization of petroleum-exporting countries (OPEC). OPEC was established mainly to control the amount of oil each member produced. Member units that form cartels always enjoy a wide variety of benefits. Each member usually has a guarantee to earn fixed minimum profit which is not the case with other business institutions. In addition, all marketing and other secondary functions of the individual business organizations such as transportation, advertisement and marketing research are normally carried out by the cartels (Sangla 2009, p.181). In addition, the member firms also enjoy price control. Since, in working as a pool, the individual firms acquire monopolistic characteristics, they are in a position to charge the prices of their products at their own will. Conversely, the cartels and monopolistic

Interview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interview Paper - Essay Example In modern organizations, the HR department considered to be of strategic importance. The concept of SHRM (strategic human resource management) is now widely acknowledged and applied. SHRM links human resource management with the strategic management of a company (Uysal, 2013). Despite these developments, human resource management has continued to experience growing challenges. This has been mainly because of the changes affecting it. For example, globalization has affected human resource management in various ways. Today, organizations have to deal with employees from different countries and cultures. Moreover, organizations have to deal with different age groups of employees including the old generations and the young generations. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the management of gender and generational issues in the workplace. The paper is based on an interview with a former colleague who is called Cherry. She is the training manager in the HR department at Sheraton Donggua n Hotel in China. Cherry is a female. She works in with other people in the hotel. In terms of gender ratio, the hotel has more female employees than men. Out of the eight employees, seven are female and one is male. This means that there is gender imbalance because only one male employee works with seven female employees. As the training manager in HR department, Cherry often deals with these employees. Her role involves identifying the training needs for the employees and organizing training programs for them. Therefore, she meets with them often. Although Cherry is female, she prefers working with the male employees. Apparently, she considers male and female employees to be quite different. According to her, male employees are more rational in their thinking and generous. However, Cherry feels that women are more emotional, which often affects their

Healthcare Interpersonal Communication Research Paper

Healthcare Interpersonal Communication - Research Paper Example Communication is important in practically all human endeavors, especially in the provision of healthcare. The Mental and Physical Health Platform noted that â€Å"better communication and cooperation between medical disciplines, careers, families and service users, must be prioritized to ensure a 360 ° approach to mental and physical health† (Bowis et al., n.d., p. 1). All those involved in healthcare- health professionals, patients and family members should be able to communicate well as part of good practices in improved recognition, monitoring, diagnosis and management of health problems. Likewise, the Mental and Physical Health Platform recognized that implementation of â€Å"measures for improved health literacy, access to better health promoting services, information and advice on lifestyle changes and other factors â€Å" is pat of empowering the â€Å"service users together with their families and careers†. Definitely, effective communication is vital in thi s empowerment. Ensuring effective communication is a great task which should be pursued by the healthcare providers. There are communication problems which have to be identified, and properly solved to guarantee the desired results in healthcare provision and management: health, survival and quality of life. â€Å"The relationship between patient-clinician communication and outcomes of care is, from a conceptual standpoint, one of the least developed areas of communication research† (Pathways from Communication to Health Outcomes: Mediators and Moderators, n.d., p. 56). Applications of interventions and other solutions to communication problems are vital to healthcare provision and management. Identification of barriers and other interpersonal communication problems and their possible solutions, between and among healthcare professionals and patients will improve delivery of healthcare services. There are three types of Interpersonal communication (IPC), namely, caring/socio- emotional communication, diagnostic communication/problem solving and counseling According to De Negri et al. (1995, p. 15), effective IPC is the one resulting in the following outcomes: 1. The patient discloses enough information about the illness to lead to an accurate diagnosis. 2. The provider, in consultation with the client, selects a medically appropriate treatment acceptable to the client. 3. The client understands his or her condition and the prescribed treatment regimen. 4. The provider and the client establish a positive rapport. 5. The client and the provider are both committed to fulfilling their responsibilities during treatment and follow-up care. Nevertheless, the aforementioned outcomes cannot be perceived as the guiding line within the context of effective communication. These steps generally include encouraging a two-way dialogue, establishing a partnership between patient and provider, creating an atmosphere of caring, bridging any social gaps between provider an d client, accounting for social influences, effectively using verbal and non-verbal communication, and allowing patients ample time to tell their story (De Negri et al., 1995, p. 15). COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS â€Å"Poor communication has been shown to lead to disruptions in continuity of care, delayed diagnoses and duplication of or unnecessary interventions† (Astrom et al., 2007, p. 279). In the study of Astrom et al. (2007, pp. 279-285), it was shown that communication between individuals

Commanding Heights PART 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commanding Heights PART 2 - Essay Example The video is based on the social, economic, and political events that were notably experienced by the BRIC and Poland community in the 20th century, and how these events contributed in shaping the world economy. The focus is primarily directed to economies and markets in the context of the role played by governments in influencing the two. In the 20th century, states controlled and regulated market activities in many economies across the globe. This resulted in numerous economic hardships and crisis that prompted governments and states to embrace free market economies. Economies of Asia, Europe, and the Americas are highlighted in the video, and the trends in their economies outlined. Leaders, especially state figures, tried to curb economic crisis that regulated markets posed to their economies. Towards the end of the 20th century, market liberalization heightened, and a ground to establish a global economic system was set. However, not all participants in this move were ready for the realized outcomes. Deregulation of markets realized minimized state influence in markets and economies. The private sector was uplifted to an extent that it critically engaged the public sector in intense competition. Regulated markets and economies had failed to meet their purposes, goals, and objectives in their respective countries. The reform process to endorse free markets was characterized by benefits for some players and agony for others. States that regulated their markets and economies had plunged into economic meltdowns and financial crises that eventually necessitated need for reforms. As much as these reforms were welcome, the recovery process was characterized by both advantages and disadvantages. Market and economy freedom had privatization, deregulation, and competition implications to account for. The world economy as it is known in the 21st century is the result of market and

Healthcare Interpersonal Communication Research Paper

Healthcare Interpersonal Communication - Research Paper Example Communication is important in practically all human endeavors, especially in the provision of healthcare. The Mental and Physical Health Platform noted that â€Å"better communication and cooperation between medical disciplines, careers, families and service users, must be prioritized to ensure a 360 ° approach to mental and physical health† (Bowis et al., n.d., p. 1). All those involved in healthcare- health professionals, patients and family members should be able to communicate well as part of good practices in improved recognition, monitoring, diagnosis and management of health problems. Likewise, the Mental and Physical Health Platform recognized that implementation of â€Å"measures for improved health literacy, access to better health promoting services, information and advice on lifestyle changes and other factors â€Å" is pat of empowering the â€Å"service users together with their families and careers†. Definitely, effective communication is vital in thi s empowerment. Ensuring effective communication is a great task which should be pursued by the healthcare providers. There are communication problems which have to be identified, and properly solved to guarantee the desired results in healthcare provision and management: health, survival and quality of life. â€Å"The relationship between patient-clinician communication and outcomes of care is, from a conceptual standpoint, one of the least developed areas of communication research† (Pathways from Communication to Health Outcomes: Mediators and Moderators, n.d., p. 56). Applications of interventions and other solutions to communication problems are vital to healthcare provision and management. Identification of barriers and other interpersonal communication problems and their possible solutions, between and among healthcare professionals and patients will improve delivery of healthcare services. There are three types of Interpersonal communication (IPC), namely, caring/socio- emotional communication, diagnostic communication/problem solving and counseling According to De Negri et al. (1995, p. 15), effective IPC is the one resulting in the following outcomes: 1. The patient discloses enough information about the illness to lead to an accurate diagnosis. 2. The provider, in consultation with the client, selects a medically appropriate treatment acceptable to the client. 3. The client understands his or her condition and the prescribed treatment regimen. 4. The provider and the client establish a positive rapport. 5. The client and the provider are both committed to fulfilling their responsibilities during treatment and follow-up care. Nevertheless, the aforementioned outcomes cannot be perceived as the guiding line within the context of effective communication. These steps generally include encouraging a two-way dialogue, establishing a partnership between patient and provider, creating an atmosphere of caring, bridging any social gaps between provider an d client, accounting for social influences, effectively using verbal and non-verbal communication, and allowing patients ample time to tell their story (De Negri et al., 1995, p. 15). COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS â€Å"Poor communication has been shown to lead to disruptions in continuity of care, delayed diagnoses and duplication of or unnecessary interventions† (Astrom et al., 2007, p. 279). In the study of Astrom et al. (2007, pp. 279-285), it was shown that communication between individuals

Management Thoery and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Thoery and Practice - Essay Example Although theories of Weber and Taylor are slightly dated today, they still offer a beneficial perspective. To Weber’s perspective, society, and also the workplace, is something that arises out of a state of chaos, so people want to make order out of chaos and make a workplace as real and rational as possible for them, and often this is in the form of the modern bureaucracy as Weber saw it. All industries have some degree of bureaucracy, and the beauty and hair salon industry is no different. Weber thought that people should look to the past and look at bureaucracies and also how they relate to the present situation, and we can still do this today. Weber also believed in the ideal type of the bureaucracy, or the optimal ideal. The ideal represents the idea, and the actual is represented by how things really are. There are possible problems in the situation because ideal types often do not live up to the real situation. Weber believed that focusing on the bureaucracy would yield positive results that could be construed in the value-neutral position of the bureaucracy. This led to his formulation of the ideal type methodology, which later functionalists would see as an automatic pattern of stability to be looked for in a societal context. Weber saw that the object of science was to make subjective observations of the bureaucracy’s function and look at these observations along methodological lines. Other early bureaucratic theories like those of Taylor stressed the presence of an ideal condition where complex tasks were simplified, so Taylor borrowed these notions and thought about how absolute standards could be put upon the subjectivity and reality observed by social science. â€Å"Taylors strongest positive legacy was the concept of breaking a complex task down in to a number of small subtasks, and optimizing the performance of the subtasks. This positive legacy leads to the stop-watch

Explain Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Explain Utilitarianism Essay Utilitarianism was developed in the 18th century by Hutcheson, who used the phrase ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’ to describe his theory. Hutcheson’s idea, seeks to find a rational means of assessing how best to put this promotion of happiness into practice. It is split into two types; Act Utilitarianism, this is the earliest form in which what is deemed right is based on the assessment of results of a particular action, and Rule Utilitarianism which allows to be taken into account the general benefit to society that occurs when people follow general rules. It is argued that utilitarianism is a relativist, consequentialist and teleological system of ethics, prescribing no fixed moral rules and judging an action by its consequences or end results. Bentham and Mill each argued respectively for these types of Utilitarianism and thus their beliefs differ. Bentham was born in London at time of huge scientific and social change. He looked to produce a modernised approach to morality which would suit the changing society of the industrial age he grew up in. This was also the era of the French and American revolutions. He argued that humans were motivated by pleasure and pain â€Å"nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pleasure and pain†. This later on became known as Act Utilitarianism. Bentham believed that everyone had an equal right to happiness irrespective of their situation or status in life and argued that everyone counted equally in the assessment of the benefits of an action. He believed that overall, this would benefit the individual who did so and this would lead to that persons greatest happiness as well. His theory is democratic as pleasure cannot be for one person alone. Bentham’s Hedonic Calculus this is what Bentham thought was an empirical process for making moral decisions, it weighs up the pain and pleasure generated by the available moral actions to find the best option. It asks you to consider seven points: 1. Purity (an act that causes only pleasure is better than one that causes the same amount of pleasure mixed with a little pain. When either pleasure or pain is at its extremes it is more pure however when mixed its purity is less. ) 2. Remoteness (the more distant the benefits, in either space or time, the less weight we should give them in making our decision. For example how long will it take for the pleasure of the action to take effect. ) 3. Intensity (the less intense the pleasure of an action the less valuable that action is. However, if the action leads to intense pleasure then its value goes way up. ) 4. Certainty (the certainty criteria refers to the probability of the pleasure resulting from the act. So basically how likely a certain action will cause a cause a certain action. If you have to choose between an action which might cause pleasure and one that will definately cause the disired pealsure then you go with that action. ) 5. Extent (The more people enjoy the pleasure, the better. This was not among the original criteria described by Bentham, but was added by John Stuart Mill. ) 6. Duration (the duration of the pleasure caused by an act must also be taken into account when assessing the goodness of the act. Short bursts of pleasure or short lasting pleasure is viewed as less valuable than lasting pleasure. So acts which last for long periods of time are preferred to those which are short lasting. ) 7. Consequence (The consequence of an act is the likelihood that the pleasures or pains that it causes will be followed by similar pleasures or pains. If the happiness that an act causes is likely to be followed by more happiness, then that act is better than a similar act that will cause only one instance of happiness. It is basically how many times the pain or pleasure will occur.) For example if five guards were enjoying torturing one prisoner the hedonic calculus would suggest that this is ok because more pleasure is occurring than pain. If the probable pain of an action outweighs its pleasure then Bentham says that it is morally wrong. He believed this was the way of calculating happiness as a result of the course of an action and by this he was making the basis of deciding whether an action should be considered right or wrong. However going back to the guard’s example, is beating up a prisoner morally right because more people are enjoying it than feeling pain from it? During the 19th century Mill changed Bentham’s theory, Bentham implied any pleasure is of equal value â€Å"pushpin is equal to poetry† whereas Mill saw pleasures as higher and lower. He recognised that it was easier to settle for the more immediate and sensual pleasures like eating or drinking rather than the nobler and perhaps more refined ones such as poetry or opera. Mill criticised Bentham for focusing morality on pleasure alone, which seemed rather base to him. Therefore he decided to introduce a theory of utilitarianism for everyone, this replaced pleasure with happiness. He believed in quality not quantity of happiness. For Mill, happiness was defined as something which is cultured and spiritual than just physical. He distinguished this as higher and lower pleasures. He wrote â€Å"it is better to be a human being dissatisfied, than a pig satisfied† Mill recognised that there were different ways of assessing the value of happiness. Mill unlike Bentham suggested a positive place for rules within an overall utilitarianist approach. Another difference between Bentham and Mill lies in the difference between Act and Rule theories of utilitarianism. Bentham thought each individual action should be treated separately without any rules to guide the individual; whereas Mill proposed that you should make rules based on the consequences which tend to follow certain actions. For example killing someone tends to cause pain, so we should have a rule against killing people. Therefore Mill and Bentham arrived to two very different approaches of morality. Mills outlook was very different to that of Bentham’s. Overall, however their weaknesses outweigh their strengths. They are not very convincing as ethical systems, and it is my opinion that some other approach to ethics is required in order to do the morally right thing. An advantage of Bentham’s Act Utilitarianism is that it considers the consequences and happiness which result from actions; this seems a sensible approach to ethics. The theory is also flexible and easy to apply; it does not describe many confusing or difficult rules and provides a simple method for decision making. The theory also enables difficult decision making through its relativism. For example it would allow us to sacrifice individuals if it is of great benefit to society. The problem with Bentham’s theory however is that it is truly relativistic, so any conceivable action could be allowed for example, killing prisoners because five guards get pleasure from it. It also justifies the suffering of the innocent under a majority. It further allows cruel or sadistic pleasure, since Bentham regarded all pleasure as equal, this was first thought of by a philosopher called Bernard Williams. Mill’s theory offers many advantages which get around the problems of Bentham and Act Utilitarianism. By distinguishing between the quality of pleasures, Mill rules out the possibility of sadism like in the case of the prison guards enjoying torturing a prisoner. Also, Mill is stating that certain actions are explicitly prohibited because they tend to promote pain. So, he would not allow killing, no matter how much it was enjoyed. However, Mill’s theory lacks the flexibility of Bentham’s, which means that sensible rule breaking is no longer possible. For example you could not tell small lies, even to protect others. There is another weakness in Mill’s idea of different qualities of pleasure this is, how can we judge what makes pleasure higher or lower? As surely this is a subjective matter, as opinions and preferences vary from person to person. It might also be argued that the concept of a competent judge is vague, since it is not clear whether we can really identify one. In conclusion, the theories put forward by Bentham and Mill fail to provide a convincing or useful approach to ethics. On the one hand, Bentham’s views are strikingly relativistic, allowing any pleasure. On the other hand, Mill’s Rule system lacks the flexibility to make sensible choices in difficult situations. It may be that some other and more modern version of the theory can overcome these problems, such as preference utilitarianism put forward by Peter Singer. Preference utilitarianism bases itself on the idea used in act utilitarianism, that the principle of utility is the most important basis of moral decision making. This principle is about maximising pleasure and preventing pain. Preference utilitarianism retains this but simply modifies it to be subjective, that peoples preferences should be maximised not pleasure over pain. This is a simple way to be personal, allowing everyone their own say rather than presuming pleasure is always desirable. For example eating 30 bars of chocolate when obese may not cause pleasure as it is worsening their obesity however it is the persons preference to do this. If we could strike a balance between favouring firm moral principles and paying attention to significant consequences or the all-round wellbeing of society. Such a compromise offers a more promising approach to ethics than the classical forms of Utilitarianism put forward by Mill and Bentham.

Psychological Criticism Of Blue Velvet Film Studies Essay

Psychological Criticism Of Blue Velvet Film Studies Essay Blue Velvet is an American movie which was made back in 1986.These Movie showcased elements of film noir and surrealism. The movies title, featuring Kyle Maclachlan, Isabella Rossellini, Dennis Hoper and Laura Dern, was picked from the 1963 bobby Vinton song which has the same title. This Movie earned David lynch his second nomination to the academy awards in the category of best director. This paper presents a psychological criticism analysis of the movies as regards its screenplay, plot, direction and general presentation. The screenplay of Blue Velvet had been rejected by many studios in the late 1970s and early 80s due to its explicit sexual and violent content. It is a widely held perception by many modern critics today that Blue Velvet is a representative of modern film noir shot around the same time that similar movies started being shot and shown in local cinemas and this was around the 1980s to the mid 1990s. The film revolves around a college student Jeffrey Beaumont (Maclachlan) who when heading home from hospital where he had visited his father stumbles across a human ear in the field in his home town of Lumberton. His investigation finds great assistance from Sand Williams (who is a high school student) and comes in handy providing Jeffrey with information from his (Sands) father who is a local police officer. Jeffreys investigations led him to the underworld of his home town ad this is followed by falling in love with a singer and uncovering criminals. Blue Velvets operates on a number of thematical levels in spite its initial appearance as a mystery movie, it owe its specialism to 1950s film noir, encompassing and venturing into such conventions as femme fatele, seemingly unstoppable villain and questionable moral outlook of the hero and off course its unusual inclusion of shadowy cinematography. In this insight therefore, it is important that we review Jeffrey Beaumont (Maclachlan). He is the main character and he is portrayed to have a number of qualities. He is portrayed by the narrator as a very inquisitive person considering that he found an ear in the fields the as from there he begins to investigate the case without even a second thought. The character Jeffery is also portrayed as a character that doesnt have a high sexuality. This is proven when Dorothy makes sexual advancements towards him but he easily declines them. Dorothy is another character but this one uses sex as her comfort which sets precedence for the critical objection of the movie. This can be proven by the scene where Frank both abuses her sexually and after he is gone she wants sex from Jeffery. This fact can also be proven since she enjoys showing off her body in the club where she works and also after she tries to seduce Jeffrey and he hits her , she is turned on instead of being furious (Chion 85). Its amazing how the character of Jeffrey moves from not even thinking of sexual matter to having a sexual relationship Jeffrey as a character portrays the image of a curious citizen who has the aim of becoming a hero and saving the day. This is supported by his determination in solving the case on the ear and finally he emerges as a hero as he saves Dorothy. Another criticism for the movies regards the central theme of the movie depicted in it of apparent perversity. Blue Velvet speaks for liberalization and represents some of modern concepts which have since become its trade mark such as distorted character sexuality and a polarized world. The part of sexuality may come in due t an experience Lynch had as a kid where he and his brother stumbled across a woman walking naked and this adventure scared him to much that he even cried. That scenario may have traumatized Lynch too and this is shown where he expresses it as a trade mark in all his movies. Probably one of the most outstanding Lynchian trademark in this great movie is the depiction where there is unearthing of a dark underbelly in an apparently small idealized town (Chion 121). Blue Velvet inaugurates a metaphorical oedipal family that constitutes of the child Jeffrey Beaumont and frank and Dorothy through intentional citation of film noir and its underlying oedipal themes. The resulting violence can be deduced to portray domestic violence in our day to day life. Franks violence towards Dorothy stands in place for the many family abuses going on in the world. The control Frank has over Dorothy portrays mostly husbands violence against their wives and families in general in real life. Jeffrey may be used to portray the innocent youth who are scared by the violence in their streets and homes but still want to stand up and have whatever they want to themselves. Jefferys relationship with Dorothy may also be used to portray the way many married women are seeking love outside their homesteads. Taking a Freudian approach, Blue Velvet is considered to be an expression of a traumatized innocence which is the basis of Lynchs works. Dorothy represents the sexual moth er figure because she is confined to sexual activities only. Jeffrey portrays the aspect of a concerned citizen or a man in love and is ready to protect. Frank represents a few numbers of people who oppress others in the society. If this movie were to be shot today I would strongly advice David lynch to leave it just the way it is. In this regard therefore and in a word, Blue Velvet was and is still one of the greatest movies of all time. Works site. Chion, Michael. British Film Institute: Blue Velvet A Two-Part Search for the Films Deleted Scenes. New York, NY: London Press, 2007.

Technological Advancements :: essays papers

Technological Advancements On November 7, 1940 the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was hit by winds of up to 40mph. The bridge began to twist and flutter. Some cables snapped and a six-hundred foot section of the bridge fell into Puget Sound. ^Wind is but one disaster, earthquakes are another^ (Jay Stuller 36). Disasters like this one and others could have been avoided if the proper precautions had been taken. Due to the disasters in the world the structures of today and tomorrow are much safer. Today most of these catastrophes are avoided because of the up to date technology, like architecture, predicting the disasters before hand and new techniques used by emergency rescue teams. Some major advances in today^s buildings include such things like the material used. For instance products like steel-reinforced concrete (refer to diagram 3-1), steel framing, and properly braced wood frames for houses are a few examples of how buildings are being retrofitted and new buildings are being built towards protection from disasters. As well, the foundations of the buildings can be built on shock absorbing ^base isolators^ containing springs or alternating layers of steel plates and rubber, to counteract the effects of earthquakes. In Japan architectures have been keeping mind earthquakes while designing and building structures. Unfortunately the buildings were mainly designed to withstand a vertical force. The Japanese buildings were designed to withstand a certain acceleration force, but in January 1995, an earthquake hit the city Kobe devastating the buildings, which were thought to be safe. It just shows, ^that building design criteria are crucial to withstanding effects of earthquakes^ (Gerad Baker 12). The normal Japanese wooden houses that had heavy roofs collapsed, and also newer homes were demolished, as seen on diagram 3-2. This could have been avoided by building the houses with lighter plywood frames with crossbars that distribute force evenly rather than houses with heavy timber walls that collapse under force. As well the materials used to build the structures has a great deal to do with the survival rate of buildings. The use of reinforced concrete is thought to be a major reason why buildings stay intact. It is possible to reinforce older buildings with extra concrete simply and effectively, which has been done in California since 1989. Bridges, a totally different aspect of building, but a very similar method for creating sound structures. During the Kobe earthquake the Hanshin expressway collapsed on its side for a stretch of 600m (pictures seen on page 5). This type of roadway is built upon reinforced concrete pillars. There is steel inside the pillars to increase its ability to bend and flex with the

Interracial Adoption Essay -- Social Issues, Foster Care, Racial Relat

Imagine being a child without a family, longing for to be living in place to call home you, and feeling incomplete because you do not have a place where you belong. Many children in foster care or orphanages are faced with similar feelings. Children who live in the United States often wait years to be adopted and in most cases, the minority children wait twice as long to be placed with families of their own ethnic background. One article by Linda Johnson Price, the president and CEO of Ebony magazine and a woman who was also adopted, discussed the fact that there are around 500,000 children in foster care waiting to be placed into a home and that close to 45 percent of those children are black (Rice, 2007). She also specifies that the Department of Health and Human Services has studies that show that African Americans wait longer than any other race and that adoption experts say that black children are deemed special needs children and it does not necessarily have to do with their me ntal or physical capabilities (Rice, 2007). The number of minority children waiting to be adopted will continue to rise unless we come up with a solution. One way to address the issue with the long wait process that these children experience is to consider interracial adoption. This type of adoption refers to potential parents who choose to adopt a child or children of a different race, culture, or ethnicity from their own. In order to address the disproportion of minority children who wait to be adopted, we must first consider the requirements one faces to be able to be a perspective adopting parent. The adoption process starts off by choosing an adoption agency. Next, the agency will send someone to the prospective parents’ home to gather informat... ...ion will say that parents who adopt children of different ethnicities are not capable of caring or educating the child simply because of the cultural differences. The critics opinion has merit in the since that the parents cannot teach the child to be their race but they can provide love and raise them to be responsible adults. In the end we must consider which is more important, being able to find a child a loving family when race is not a factor or waiting for an indefinite time to try to find a family of the same race. If you are thinking about which is more important remember that for every twenty children who are in foster care at least nine of them wait an extended amount of time to be adopted. All children deserve a loving home and although we live in an imperfect society our children should not have to experience the feeling of not being wanted or loved.

Annexation of Hawaii Essay

The decade of the 1890s marks a diplomatic watershed in American history. During that period the United States embarked upon a very assertive expansionist policy that led to the nation becoming an imperialist power by 1900. The reasons for this change from an essentially low-key, isolationist foreign policy stance to an aggressive involvement in world affairs involved fundamental changes in the American economy and the attitudes of the American people. The industrial revolution of the last quarter of the 19th century was the primary factor in the shifting foreign policy. As the nation became more industrialized it began to look overseas for new markets for its manufactured goods and for new sources of raw materials to feed the growing industrial system. To protect these foreign markets and raw materials the United States began to expand its power and influence overseas through the acquisition of trading centers, naval stations, and coaling ports. Indeed one of the major differences b etween the expansion of the 1890s and previous decades was that the nation did not see these new territories as potential states to add to the nation, but as spheres of influence in the aid of foreign trade. Two other elements entered the expansionist/imperialist equation. One was the closing of the American frontier in1890. When the Census report of that year proclaimed that there was no more frontier it meant that the nation could no longer pursue its twin goals of territorial expansion and isolation from world affairs. One or the other would have to be abandoned since there was no more contiguous territory to annex. The expansionist impulse proved stronger than the isolationist one and the nation began acquire an overseas empire. A second factor was the desire to spread the Christian gospel abroad, which meant securing an opening for American missionaries overseas. â€Å"Militant† Christianity reinforced the mood of American expansionism. A classic example of the intertwining of economic and religious impulses was United States’ annexation of Hawaii. The first Americans to settle in Hawaii were Christian missionaries whose families remained and exerted a growing influenc e over the Hawaiian economy. By 1890 American economic and religious interests in the island kingdom were a permanent feature of the society. When the McKinley tariff bill of 1890 sought to stimulate the American sugar beet industry by placing a duty on imported sugar and giving a two cent a pound bonus for domestically grown sugar, the American-owned sugar companies  faced a serious economic problem. From the standpoint of the American sugar companies in Hawaii the answer to their economc problem was simple: have Hawaii annexed by the United States so that Hawaiian sugar was domestic, not foreign grown. The flaw in that solution was that the Hawaiian people had no desire to become American. This popular aversion to annexation was reflected in the refusal of the Hawaiian leader, Queen Liliuokalani, to request an American take-over. The sugar company executives, with the timely assistance of a contingent of American marines who marched through Honolulu to â€Å"protect American lives and property,† simpl y staged a political coup and asked for annexation. After President Cleveland refused, President McKinley acquiesced in 1898. America’s desire to extend its influence beyond its borders was not limited to overt acts of annexation. In the case of a boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana, United States’ action took the form of a virtual diplomatic ultimatum to England, insisting that Britain send no troops to press its boundary claims. The United States would set up a boundary commission to arbitrate the dispute and determine the legitimate boundaries. After initially declining American â€Å"good offices,† Great Britain accepted after U.S. Secretary of State Olney asserted that the United States was â€Å"practically sovereign† in this hemisphere and threatened military action. This rather high-handed maneuver reflected growing U.S. â€Å"power of persuasion.† The most dramatic example of America’s increasingly imperialistic foreign policy was the Spanish-American War of 1898. After having remained aloof from Cuba’s previous attempts to throw off Spanish rule, the United States adopted a more interventionist policy when another Cuban revolt erupted in the 1890s. The American people were sympathetic with the Cuban cause and their rallying cry became â€Å"Cuba Libra,† free Cuba. A sensationalist American press, led by New York City newspaper publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst, played up Spanish â€Å"atrocities† against the Cubans and ran front page stories about the Cuban â€Å"struggle for freedom.† Hearst even sent a photographer to Cuba with instructions to send back pictures of Spanish atrocities. In addition to â€Å"yellow journalism,† anti-Spanish emotions were stirred up by the publication of a private letter written by the Spanish ambassador to the United States, de Lome, considered insulting to President McKinley. Another event fanning the flames of war fever was the sinking of the American battleship â €Å"Maine† in Havana. Even  though there was no proof of any Spanish involvement the rallying cry for pro-war forces became â€Å"Remember the Maine, and to hell with Spain.† Even though Spain, trying to avoid confontation with the United States, responded favorably to a diplomatic ultimatum from the State Department, McKinley yielded to popular pressure for war and delivered a war message. Congress, sensing America’s mood, declared war. Congress’ declaration of war was soon accompanied by the Teller Resolution promising that the United States would not annex Cuba as a result of American intervention in its behalf. When the brief, successful war ( â€Å"a splendid little war† in the words of our Secretary of State) was ended, however, the Platt Amendment, incorporated in an American-Cuban treaty, accorded the United States the right to intervene in Cuba to â€Å"preserve its independence and maintain law and order.† In effect this amendment gave the United States a qua si-protectorate over Cuba. And while the war did not lead to U.S. acquisition of Cuba it did result in United States’ annexation of Puerto Rico and the Philippine Islands (acquired from Spain). The Philippinos expressed their aversion to becoming an American territory by engaging in a guerilla war against the U.S. when annexation was proposed. Indeed the Philippine insurrection against the U.S. was more costly in terms of money and American lives lost than had been the Spanish-American war. Nor was everyone in the U.S. in favor of Philippine annexation. Anti-imperialists claimed that the Philippines might involve us in a war in the Far East, and that forced annexation violated the traditional American belief in â€Å"government by the consent of the governed.† American labor leaders joined in opposition to acquisition lest it lead to the introduction of cheap Philippine labor. American racism also rallied against acquiring â€Å"yellow-skinned† America’s desire to extend its economic influence to the Far East through opening up trade with China led to yet another diplomatic confrontation. By 1900 China had succumbed to European imperialism in the form of spheres of influence each of the major European powers and Japan had established. Concerned that this would lead to those powers excluding the U.S. from the China trade the U.S. sent a round-robin diplomatic note to all of them asserting that it was the U.S. policy, and assumed it was theirs as well, to provide an â€Å"Open Door† for trade with China. This was followed by a second â€Å"Open Door† note affirming respect for the â€Å"territorial and administrative  integrity† of China. Reluctantly most of the nations gave lukewarm assent.

Philosophy of Education Essay

The word â€Å"teacher† does the profession no service. A teacher is really a combination of the most important professions in the world. Besides the parents, an educator is the biggest influence in a child’s life. The age span in which children are in school is the most impressionable years of their lives. A student’s educational experience can mold the events of his or her future. That is why I want to become a teacher. I want to be a mold for younger generations, and I hope for students to remember a knowledgeable and ethical teacher. Beliefs I feel the student should come to school willing to learn and the teacher should come ready to teach! The student’s role is just as important as the teachers; the student’s expectations of the teacher should be for her to teach and help them learn at all times. Teachers also play an important role in the classroom when it comes to the environment. If the teacher prepares a warm, happy environment, students are more likely to be happy. An environment set by the teacher can be either good or bad. If students feel the teacher is angry, students may react badly to that and therefore learning can be harder. I think teachers are responsible for the social behavior in their classrooms. This behavior is primarily a reflection of the teacher’s actions and the environment he/she sets. Metaphysics We are all here for a purpose and I believe that, that is to live for God and follow his way of life. It is hard to know what you are really on earth for until you find it through him! Some teachers will find it hard to keep the focus on the classroom do to all the other outside distractions but, I strongly believe that is you were meant to be a teacher then you will find a way to look past the bad and find the good. Why am I here? I think I am here to help children follow their dreams and make it through school easier than I did. When I become a teacher I want to be the best ever! I want to see that smile on the kids’ faces after I teach them something amazing. Progressivism I want to teach from some aspects of the progressivism style which focuses on respect for individuality, high regard for science, and learning from experience. I want to teach the children in my classroom to have respect for each other. This is a quality that will help them to be successful in society because if they respect others, then others will have respect for them. Having respect for others also shows that they have respect for themselves. I also want children to learn by hands-on activities. I will direct them from step to step and demonstrate how to do each step in the activities they perform. These activities make learning more interesting for the children because the children are able to get involved instead of just always watching the teacher do everything. Speaking of the children getting involved, they can really get involved when learning in a different atmosphere when on field trips. I feel taking children on field trips is an effective learning experience for them because it allows children to get out of the classroom setting and learn from a different perspective. In addition I want to focus on sciences because they are an important area in the knowledge of children. I think this growing area of our society should be focused on thoroughly because science advances and improves every day and I feel children should be aware of their changing world. Constructivism I feel like this is the main reason why I should teach and why I want to teach, I have learned so much though school and it has molded me to become who I am today. I learn a lot through experience and what I know will make me a better teacher it will help me relate to the ones that hate school or the ones that think they can’t do it. It’s all a process and the way you take the steps is how I think you will show others so you have to help them with their process and make sure that it doesn’t go bad or in the wrong direction. I plan to continue my education so that I may make teaching my profession. After graduation, I hope to find a position in an elementary school teaching in one of the first through sixth grade classes. I feel that elementary education is extremely important because it is here that children establish their foundation for the rest of the educational career. My goal and desires are to have the opportunity to touch a child’s life.

Leading and managing people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leading and managing people - Essay Example The bar and restaurant supervisor in consultation with manager should take pro active role in identification of right candidate for bar and restaurant service. In addition to the technical attributes, the candidates moral character and other legal aspects have to be well verified so that the bar and restaurant supervisor wouldn’t face any problem in future. The most pre requisite for any bar and restaurant supervisor will be to maintain balanced coordination between his up line and down line. He must update the manager about the daily progress and must make his team members follow the same in reporting the progress they make every day. This will facilitate building winning teams in terms of customer relations and customer satisfaction. This would certainly ensure the customer repetitiveness and hence would have the potential to boost up the bar and restaurant sales. He must take enough care in upgrading the skills and knowledge of bar and restaurant members for providing valuable customer service. They may be properly trained through some well designed training programmes. Identify the motivational factors and try to inculcate the same to achieve the defined goals. Each member of bar and restaurant must be well aware about their specific roles in providing unique customer service. The customer expectations in terms of staff relationshi p and service have to be fulfilled. Several times, the situation may force the bar and restaurant team members to take their independent and sudden decisions and hence they have to be trained accordingly to meet the demand of the valued customers. As a bar and restaurant supervisor, he has to thoroughly understand about the various theories and styles of leadership. Hence he has to be upgraded with these skills through extensive inductive training programmes. At the same time, he should also understand the expectations of bar

MIH521 - Health Program Evaluation Mod 4 SLP Essay

MIH521 - Health Program Evaluation Mod 4 SLP - Essay Example There is an added problem and that is that these children are bound for poverty based on the illnesses that they develop because of the obesity. There are several measureable goals and they come from different sides of what is happening. For instance, the primary goal is to improve the overall health of the children but there is also the goal to improve the health of those that are already obese. These goals are meant to be accomplished through activity (see appendix A) (fitkids.gov). All of these goals are measureable and are being measured. Those schools that have adopted this program at this time have done overall BMI of all elementary school children for school records. Children are screened for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease yearly as part of the school physical. Schools are monitored by independent organizations assuring that the grant money is spent well as far as assuring that exercise and dietary programs are carried out (Glasgow, 1999). As can be seen by the things listed here this is really a program about prevention and not treatment though certainly a side effect of the prevention is treatment. It is believed that a full evaluation of this program will yield excellent results. In conclusion, this program has some very difficult goals to meet as it is easy to leave the healthy lifestyle at school and go home and watch TV but the hope is that learning this lifestyle and feeling better because of it will encourage children to remain activity and to eat well even after they leave school. The Elementary Energizers were developed by East Carolina University, Physical Activity Laboratory in partnership with the NC Department of Public Instruction (Healthful Living and Healthy Schools Sections) and Be Active North

CCTV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CCTV - Essay Example For example, CCTV surveillance cameras have been installed in areas such as car parks in order to reduce rate of crime. CCTV was developed through a relationship between photographic image and crime control, which is deeply rooted since the birth of photography. In fact, the initial photographic technique considered commercially viable was into Paris, and it was patented in 1839. Furthermore, by 1840 this photographic technique has gained the potentiality, through which criminal classes could be identified and documented. Therefore, CCTV has been very effective in the process of targeting vehicle crime in various car park schemes. On the other hand, there are other different fictions that taken by use of CCTV to reduce crime (Welsh and Farrington, 2). Moreover, ideas presented in this research are aimed at supporting use of CCTV in order to improve the level of security in private and public settings. Apparently, ideas presented in this paper support future use of CCTV schemes, throu gh application of high-quality evaluation design based on a long follow-up duration (Welsh and Farrington, 2). ... Furthermore, use of CCTV for crime prevention increases probability of detection, thereby promoting usage of various facilities by public without fear (Rose, 127). On the other hand, CCTV encourages people to take security precautions due to increased potentiality of becoming victims. In addition, CCTV offers a way of encouraging direct intervention of law enforcement officers and the security personnel in the process of preventing crime. There is also a possibility that CCTV can increase signal enhancement in various regions, which can result to increase of community pride, cohesion among members of community, thereby informing the social control (Rose, 127). Actually, CCTV has led to increased expansion of surveillance the resent years, and this is aimed at responding to the increasing anxieties regarding crime and the treat to security and safety. In this case, this has led to deployment of a significant number of surveillance cameras in different public areas such as transport in frastructures (i.e. airports, subways), shopping malls, sport arenas, and residential streets. Besides, this has been serving as a tool of reducing crime and risk management. Traditional visual surveillance system depends on human operators, who monitor activities in order to determine actions that should be undertaken in dealing with a situation where an incident has occurred (Shaogang, Loy, and Xiang, 2). In this case, CCTV can be used in the process of tracking targets that are suspicious using different cameras and informing necessary agencies to areas of concern. On the other hand, there are cases which may be miss-detected using manual systems, and these results from inherent limitations associated with deployment of sole human operators

English for Specific Purposes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

English for Specific Purposes - Essay Example The first studies on special languages were in fact those on register, which developed in a Firthian environment. Following strictly in Halliday's footsteps (Halliday, 1978), British linguists identified special registers on the basis of lexical aspects, which they considered sufficient in themselves to distinguish them from common language. For example, the presence of a lexical item such as tablespoonful was enough to presume that the register was that of recipes or prescriptions (Halliday, McIntosh & Strevens, 1964; Strevens, 1977). However, as recent approaches to special languages have pointed out, differences do not apply to the lexical level only, but also concern morph syntactic choices and textual and pragmatic organization (Swales, 1990; Gotti, 1991; Bhatia, 1993). The social context (and therefore the aim) of each of the subdivisions of ESP exerts a strong influence on the linguistic strategies which are to be adopted. Therefore situational and functional requirements dire ct linguistic choices such as lexical density, the complexity and the length of clause structure, the degree of formality and the management of information, to name but a few. The most important d... cate a set of professional skills and to perform English and are learning the language in order to communicate a set of professional skills and to perform particular job-related functions. An ESP program is therefore built on an assessment of purposes and needs and the functions for which English is required. ESP concentrates more on language in context than on teaching grammar and language structures. It covers subjects varying from accounting or computer science to tourism and business management. The ESP focal point is that English is not taught as a subject separated from the students' real world (or wishes); instead, it is integrated into a subject matter area important to the learners. However, ESL and ESP diverge not only in the nature of the learner, but also in the aim of instruction. In fact, as a general rule, while in ESL all four language skills; listening, reading, speaking, and writing, are stressed equally, in ESP it is a needs analysis that determines which language skills are most needed by the students, and the syllabus is designed accordingly. An ESP program, might, for example, emphasize the development of reading skills in students who are preparing for graduate work in business administration; or it might promote the development of spoken skills in students who are studying English in order to become tourist guides. As a matter of fact, ESP combines subject matter and English language teaching. Such a combination is highly motivating because students are able to apply what they learn in their English classes to their main field of study, whether it be accounting, business management, economics, computer science or tourism. Being able to use the vocabulary and structures that they learn in a meaningful context reinforces what is taught and

Liverpool Old Cathedral as a magnificent architecture Assignment

Liverpool Old Cathedral as a magnificent architecture - Assignment Example The focus in this paper is on Liverpool Old Cathedral. The single tower structure was not the original design proposed by Giles Gilbert Scott who was the winner of the design competition organised by the authorities of Liverpool for the cathedral. Scott family was a family of architects. He was barely twenty two years old when he submitted the original design for the cathedral which had twin towers and not a single tower as it is now being seen with. As the architect was an articled student and it was his first commission at such young age, the management decided to appoint Bodley who was a senior architect and one of the judges of the competition of which Scott was the winner. However the joint commission theory left Scott frustrated to a large extent. The work had begun in the year 1904 and Bodley had several other commitments going on at the same time as well. Bodley was not able to give undivided attention to the construction of the cathedral which created problems for Scott. Sco tt decided to give up on the commission and resign form the job when in the year 1907, Bodley’s sudden death forced him to stay on. Scott was now single in charge of the project and although management doubted his decisions several times never thought of appointing a co-architect. They trusted Scott and his vision of the cathedral. In the year 1910, Scott presented the committee his revised plan of architecture which consisted of single tower unlike the original design. The committee was shocked initially and asked Scott to present more detailed plans. Upon his presentation the changes were agreed upon and the work commenced. The most unusual feature of the history of cathedral’s construction is that it has witnessed 74 years of British history, which includes the golden era and the two world wars. It also witnessed bombing of previously constructed part and needless to say in the times of labour scarcity had tough times to reconstruct the cathedral. It was only assura nce from the royal family as well as the authorities that the construction continued and eventually got completed. This is the fifth longest cathedral of the world and second largest cathedral of England. Features of Liverpool Old Cathedral The common features of any cathedral construction comprise: 1. Chapter House – Which is also the office of dean and chapter where decisions regarding running of the cathedral are taken. 2. Cloisters – Cloisters are rectangular pathways which surround the central garden or greenery. This is used by the occupants

African Americans Status in 1890 Essay Example for Free

African Americans Status in 1890 Essay There were many problems that African Americans faced in the 1890s some of which still exist in todays society. African Americans have come a long way and earned many rights but still live with the hardships that they had in the 1890s. The status of African Americans at this time in United States history was not good. Blacks had a very hard time living especially in the south. The problems that blacks dealt with were primarily found in the south where they were not accepted. Segregation became huge across the entire south after the Supreme Court ruled that Separate but equal was legal in the Plessy v. Ferguson case. Everything was separate but it was almost never equal. Whites always had things better than African Americans did. Blacks could not ride in the same train cars as whites. The national government gave blacks the right to vote but southern state governments took away that right through the use of poll taxes and literacy tests. A big problem that blacks faced was trying to stay alive. Many blacks were killed for no reason during this period of time. Jim Crow laws were set up to keep blacks from enjoying the same rights and privileges that whites enjoyed everyday. The Ku Klux Klan was set up by whites who had hatred for blacks. Blacks in the south feared for their lives and their families lives everyday. It was certain that African Americans would be confronted by racism each and everyday in the south. Relationships between blacks and whites have greatly improved in the last century but things still are not perfect and it is unlikely that they ever will be. The greatest changes were made during the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s when blacks stood up for themselves and gained their rights as American citizens. Laws were finally passed that made literacy tests and poll taxes illegal. Segregation came to an end after Brown v. Board of Education turned over the ruling made in Plessy v. Ferguson. There was no longer Separate but equal, it was now just equal. Although many big steps have been taken to stopping racism and segregation it still exists in our lives today. African Americans still see racism everyday even though they are now doing many things with whites. Blacks and whites have been able to peacefully interact with each other for decades but you still see newspapers talking about segregation and racism. The overall improvement has been very significant. Comparing todays society to the 1890s show a lot of good change yet there are still problems in our society with race relations.

Tesco Rapidly Changing Environment Business Essay

Tesco Rapidly Changing Environment Business Essay Todays world is a rapidly changing place. Part of rapidly changing environment that managers face is the globalization of business. Management is no longer constrained by national borders. In order to function and to survive, organization has to interact constantly with the world outside. Developments across a range of factors will have an impact on your business or industry. Business environment is a set of political, economic, social and technological (PEST) forces that are largely outside the control and influence of a business and that can potentially have both a positive and a negative impact on the business. You need to understand how the external environment affects and influences the organization structure. In this situation for achieving high performance manager need to adapt an organization. In this report TESCOs business environment is describe here. Using SWOT and PESTLE analysis tool TESCOs business strategy clearly define. Introduction of TESCO Tesco was founded by Sir Jack Cohen in 1924. In 1919 Jack Cohen started to selling groceries in Londons markets. The Tea is the first product in which the brand name of Tesco appeared in 1920. So the name Tesco comes from the initials of TE Stockwell who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers. The first store of Tesco was opened in 1929 in Burnt oak, Edgware. Today TESCO is one of the top three international retailers with 366,000 worldwide staff, more than 2500 stores in twelve countries which sales  £41.8 billion. The vision and philosophy of TESCO is that Every Little Helps is behind everything we do. The Corporate Social Responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust of customers by acting good services and good relation between customers and suppliers and by building goodwill. They doing this only for earn customers loyalty and it is core purpose of Tesco. Tesco has four types of store formats for instance, Tesco Metro, Tesco Express, Tesco superstore and Tesco Extra (24 hour) all of them provide different shopping experience but same outstanding value. Tesco sells both food and non-food items. The leading market position improves its brand image and it provides a platform to start private label brands. The items include food, CDs, Books, medicine, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, alcohol, clothes, toys and electrical goods. Tesco has an exciting brand name. It is related with the good quality, honest goods and services that characterize excellent value. A strong brand name and moreover the attractive customer preservation rates are helps the group to introduce more products under its own labels and allocate it to enter new markets. Tesco.com is one of the leading online grocery shopping services in the world and the fourth biggest online retailer in the UK. Amazon, Dell and Argos are placed in the first three positions. Tesco.com serves m ore than one million regular customers in the UK including households from both urban and rural areas. The group has developed tesco.com-only store, an online service, for the customer in the UK with limited accessibility to physical stores. Tesco operates three types of operations: The First one is UK operations; it is categorized by five formats which are different from size, location and products. The largest operation of UK is in new cast. In addition to food, it also operates in the non food fragment items including clothing, electrical goods, home entertainment, stationery, kitchen items and furnitures. The Second operation is outside UK. The other British retailers who tried to expand international business have failed but Tesco has been succeeding to build an international business. It started this operation in 2004. The Third one is Internet operations. In 1994 Tesco also started to operate internet and it is the first retailer in the world who offered home shopping service since 1996. It expanded online ranges as books, wine, movies and electrical goods. From the above information it is clear that although the performance of TESCO has been affected in some areas but it has still value in the market due to reput ation and name of TESCO in the market. However TESCO achieved its target in food sector. TESCO ltd has been survived through competition over the last four years in the market but still it is one of the largest retailer companies in the UK. SWOT ANALYSIS: SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. SWOT means Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and Threats are external factors. Strengths In global market place TESCO have secured commercial standing because of winning World Retail Awards in Year 2008. This can be used for marketing campaigns to drive advantage towards the demographic base for future growth and sustainability. In an environment where global retail sales are showing decline TESCO Group has published sales gain of 13% for UK markets and 26% growth in international markets. Tesco.com is the worlds biggest online supermarket. Tesco online now operates in over 270 stores around the country, covering 96% of the UK. With over a million households nationwide having used the companys online services, the company has a strong platform to further develop this revenue stream. Profits for Tescos operations in Europe, Asia and Ireland increased by 78% during the last fiscal year. The company has a strong brand image, and is associated with good quality, trustworthy goods that represent excellent value. Since acquiring number one ranking in 1996, Tesco has developed a successful multi format strategy that has accelerated its advantage. Its UK sales are now 71% larger than Sainsburys. Weaknesses: TESCOs position as a price leader in UK markets can lead to reduced profit margins in order to retain the key price points on must have commercial items. TESCO Finance profit levels were impacted through credit card arrears, bad debt and household insurance claims. One of Tescos weaknesses has been its failure to dominate the city centre marketplace. Although it has some prominent city centre stores, e.g. the Carlisle store in the North of England, it has failed to make them universal. Grocer outlets are not set up to operate as specialist retailers in specific areas of product which can be capitalized on by other smaller bespoke retailers. Opportunities: Statistics suggest TESCO is the third largest global grocer which indicates a level of buying power to ensure mainstream economies of scale. The acquisition of whoever provides the opportunity to develop the brand through Asia, specifically South Korea and further grow International markets for the group. The development of Tesco Direct through online and catalogue shopping will grow the use of technology. Providing non food based products with moderate to high margin returns and less focus on sales and margin per foot return to space. TESCO mobile have grown 0.25 million customers in 2008 and moved into profitable status suggesting further growth and development within this technological area can be developed. Threats: Food and non food items raw material cost is rising, will impact profit margins overall. In far East locations exporting restrictions on some non food product areas will reduce margin rates on products with already low margins. American and UK markets have been affected by economic concerns through the credit crunch. Lower available income will impact and strategic focus may need to change to lower priced basic products with less focus on higher priced brands suggesting a switch in price architecture. For TESCO, there is a persistent threat of takeover from the market leader Wal-Mart who has both means and motive to pursue such action. PESTLE analysis: In analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the factors that might in turn affect a number of vital variables that are likely to influence the organizations supply and demand levels and its costs (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson and Scholes, 1993). Because of ongoing changes that impact the whole organization. PESTLE analysis categorizes environmental influences as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal forces. The analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interplay with each other) on the business. Using these results take advantage of opportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparing Business and Strategic plans. Political Factors: Tesco now operates in six countries in Europe in addition to the UK. Tescos performance is highly influenced by the political and legislative conditions of these countries, including the European Union (EU). For employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994). Also to meet the demand from population categories such as students, working parents and senior citizens. Tesco understands that retailing has a great impact on jobs and people factors, being an inherently local and labour-intensive sector. Tesco employs large numbers of student, disabled and elderly workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these workers offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable employees. Economical Factors: Economic factors are of concern to Tesco, because they are likely to influence demand, costs, prices and profits. One of the most influential factors on the economy is high unemployment levels, which decreases the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand required to produce such goods. These economic factors are largely outside the control of the company, but their effects on performance and the marketing mix can be profound. Although international business is still growing and is expected to contribute greater amounts to Tescos profits over the next few years, the company is still highly dependent on the UK market. Hence, Tesco would be badly affected by any slowdown in the UK food market and are exposed to market concentration risks. Social Factors: Current trends indicate that British customers have moved towards one-stop and bulk shopping, which is due to a variety of social changes. Tesco have, therefore, increased the amount of non-food items available for sale. UK retailers are also focusing on added-value products and services. In addition, the focus is now towards; the supply chain, the own-label share of the business mix and other operational improvements, which can drive costs out of the business. National retailers are increasingly reticent to take on new suppliers (Clarke, Bennison and Guy,1994; Datamonitor Report, 2003). The type of goods and services demanded by consumers is a function of their social conditioning. Consumers are becoming more and more aware of health issues, and their attitudes towards food are constantly changing. One example of Tesco adapting its product mix is to accommodate an increased demand for organic products. The company was also the first to allow customers to pay in cheques and cash at the checkout. Technological Factors: Technology is a major macro-environmental variable which has influenced the development of many of the Tesco products. The new technologies benefit both customers and the company: customer satisfaction rises because goods are readily available, services can become more personalized and shopping more convenient. Tesco stores utilize the following technologies: Wireless devices Intelligent scale Electronic shelf labeling Self check-out machine Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The adoption of Electronic Point of Sale (EPoS), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improved the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier (Finch, 2004). Environmental Factors: In 2003, there has been increased pressure on many companies and managers to acknowledge their responsibility to society, and act in a way which benefits society overall (Lindgreen and Hingley, 2003). The major societal issue threatening food retailers has been environmental issues, a key area for companies to act in a socially responsible way. Hence, by recognizing this trend within the broad ethical stance. Tescos corporate social responsibility is concerned with the ways in which an organization exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate governance. (Johnson and Scholes, 2003) Graiser and Scott (2004) state that in 2003 the government has intended to launch a new strategy for sustainable consumption and production to cut waste, reduce consumption of resources and minimize environmental damage. The latest legislation created a new tax on advertising highly processed and fatty foods. The so-called fat tax directly affected the Tesco product ranges that have subsequently been adapted, affecting relationships with both suppliers and customers. Legal Factors: Various government policies and legislations have a direct impact on the performance of Tesco. For instance, the Food Retailing Commission (FRC) suggested an enforceable Code of Practice should be set up banning many of the current practices, such as demanding payments from suppliers and changing agreed prices retrospectively or without notice (Mintel Report, 2004). The presence of powerful competitors with established brands creates a threat of intense price wars and strong requirements for product differentiation. The governments policies for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers power can limit entry to this sector with such controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw materials (Mintel Report, 2004; Myers, 2004). In order to implement politically correct pricing policies, Tesco offers consumers a price reduction on fuel purchases based on the amount spent on groceries at its stores. While prices are lowered on promoted goods, prices elsewhere in the store are raised to compensate. Organizational Business Strategy: To produce great business performance it is necessary to turn strategies and plan into individual actions but it is not easy. Many companies repeatedly fail to truly motivate their people to work with enthusiasm, all together towards the corporate aim. Most companies and organizations know their businesses and strategies required for success. However many corporations especially large ones struggle to translate the theory into action plans that will enable the strategy to be successfully implemented and sustained. Formalization: Formalization is the extent to which rules and procedures are followed in an organization. This element varies across organizations. For example in some organization arrival and departure times to and from work are specified. In other organizations employees will spend sufficient time on the job to get the work done. In some organizations many rules are codified in huge manuals but no one pays attention to them. In others little is written down but rules are informally understood and followed. The most useful definition of formalization is that it represents the use of rules in an organization. The degree to which rules are followed not the degree to which they are codified. In Tesco shift type working system is there. Time punctuation is most important in Tesco. Each and every staff wears particular uniform. Specialization: Work specializations to describe the degree to which activities in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs. The essence of work specialization is that rather than an entire job being done by one individual it is broken down into a number of steps with each step being completed by a separate individual. In essence individuals specialize in doing part of an activity rather to the entire activity. In Tesco according to different positions different roles are there like general manager, purchasing manager, technical manager, finance manager, HR manager, customer service assistance etc. Hierarchy: In a hierarchical organization employees are ranked at various levels within the organization, each level is one above the other. At each stage in the chain, one person has a number of workers directly under them, within their span of control. The chain of command is a typical pyramid shape. A tall hierarchical organisation has many levels and a flat hierarchical organisation will only have a few. Tesco has a flat hierarchical structure with just six levels between checkout staff and chief executive. Each store manager is responsible for their store. External Environment: In retail Tesco is top of supermarket in UK. There are many competitors like Asda, Sainsbury. In current market position Tescos share is more than other retail company. Every year growth of Tesco is increase. In market position Tesco is stable. Culture: Tesco is now in international market. In Tesco many different culture people are working together not any obligation for culture and peoples value is same. In Tesco clear norms and value are there. Professionalism: Training is most important for every company. In some companies training is given by professional way while in small companies training is formal. Tesco gives high professional training. Goals and Strategy: Top management is to determine an organizations goals, strategy and design. Organizations mission is the official goal whereas in organization actually pursues, specific outcomes like resources, overall performance, market, employ development, innovation, productivity are operative goals. Strategy means plan for achieving organizational goals in competitive environment. Goals define where the organization wants to go, strategy how it will get there. Tescos main goal is to create value for customer to earn their lifetime loyalty. For achieving this goal Tesco do something new for customer. Tesco will remove plastic and paper bags. Size: Size of company is determined by number of stores it has and number of employees it has. It is also determined by revenue of company. It had revenue of 47.3 billion pounds for the year 2008. This made Tesco the fourth largest retailer of the world. Tesco is operating as 2318 stores and more than 326000 employees. Conclusion: